The year 1861 marked a pivotal moment in the history of Bengal, witnessing the birth of two luminaries, barely three months apart, each destined to leave an indelible mark on the world. One, a towering figure in literature, and the other, an eminent scientist, educator, and philanthropist, who would go on to discover a new compound of mercury and write ‘A History of Hindu Chemistry.’ This second figure, Acharya Prafulla Chandra Ray, was born on August 2nd, and his life epitomized a unique blend of scientific prowess and deep humanitarian concern, demonstrating nature’s way of balancing intellectual brilliance with compassionate nationalism.
Early Life and Ancestry
Acharya Prafulla Chandra Ray was born in the village of Raruli, on the banks of the Kapotaksha river. His lineage traced back to Manik Lal Roy, his great-grandfather, who was the first Dewan of Krishna Nagar and later a collector in Jessore. The family, having moved to Raruli during the reign of Sultan Jahangir, amassed significant property, which saw fluctuations over generations. Despite financial setbacks during his father Harishchandra’s time, Prafulla Chandra’s own initiatives restored much of the family’s wealth, which he generously shared with the less fortunate.
A Man of Science and Service
Prafulla Chandra Ray was a research scientist by vocation, but his life’s mission extended far beyond the confines of his laboratory. His discovery of mercurous nitrite and his seminal work, ‘A History of Hindu Chemistry,’ solidified his place in the annals of scientific history. However, his commitment to his nation was equally profound. During the infamous Rowlatt Act of 1919, he famously urged his countrymen to prioritize the struggle for Swaraj over scientific endeavors, underscoring his belief that national freedom was paramount.
Humanitarian Efforts
Ray’s humanitarian spirit was legendary. Whether during devastating floods or famines, he, along with his team of volunteers, would be at the forefront of relief efforts. His life was a tapestry of scientific inquiry and social activism. He tirelessly worked for the upliftment of the poor, often donating a significant portion of his earnings to charitable causes. His philanthropy was not limited to students but extended to the general public, reflecting his boundless compassion.
Nationalist and Visionary
Prafulla Chandra Ray’s patriotism was reflected in his various public statements and actions. Despite being labeled a provincialist by some, his love for Bengal and its people was undeniable. He believed in the potential of Bengalis to stand on their own feet, encouraging them to engage in business and industry. His establishment of Bengal Chemical and Pharmaceutical Works with his own savings was a testament to his vision of a self-reliant Bengal. This enterprise was not just a commercial venture but a symbol of his commitment to the economic empowerment of his people.
Literary Contributions and Criticisms
Ray was not just a scientist but also a prolific writer. His writings spanned various subjects, from chemistry to social issues. His book ‘Bengali Mind and its Abuse’ was a critical analysis of the flaws he perceived in the Bengali character. However, his criticisms were always accompanied by a deep love for his people. He believed that self-criticism was essential for progress and did not shy away from highlighting the shortcomings of his community.
A Champion of Bengali Pride
Despite his critical stance, Prafulla Chandra Ray was immensely proud of his Bengali heritage. He often expressed concern about the marginalization of Bengalis in various spheres, urging his compatriots to reclaim their lost glory. His speeches and writings were replete with exhortations to Bengalis to rise above their circumstances and achieve greatness. He was acutely aware of the socio-economic challenges facing Bengalis and dedicated his life to addressing them.
Personal Anecdotes and Legacy
One of the personal anecdotes that exemplify Ray’s character is recounted by Nalinikanta Sarkar. At a meeting where Ray was presiding, he questioned Sarkar about the dominance of non-Bengalis in public transportation services in Bengal. This concern for the economic disenfranchisement of Bengalis was a recurring theme in Ray’s life. His observations about the need for Bengalis to engage in commerce and industry were prescient and remain relevant even today.
Final Years and Continuing Influence
After retiring from his academic position, Ray continued to contribute to the field of chemistry. He donated his salary to establish the Sir P. C. Roy Fellowship in the Department of Chemistry. His commitment to education and research remained undiminished until his last days. Ray’s life was a testament to the idea that one can be both a devoted scientist and a passionate nationalist.
Conclusion
Acharya Prafulla Chandra Ray’s legacy is multifaceted. He was a pioneering scientist, a compassionate humanitarian, a fervent nationalist, and a proud Bengali. His life and work continue to inspire generations, reminding us of the importance of balancing intellectual pursuits with social responsibility. On his birthday, we salute this extraordinary individual whose contributions have enriched both the scientific community and the nation at large. Let us strive to follow in his footsteps, embodying his values of dedication, compassion, and unwavering commitment to the betterment of society.
